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The Strength and Strengthening of Ceramics

AbstractThere are several mechanisms by which materials may be strengthened as listed: (i) Strain (or work) hardening in ductile ceramics, (ii) Solid-solution strengthening by pinning dislocations...

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Imperfections (Defects) in Ceramics

AbstractThe periodic nature of crystalline materials can be interrupted by imperfections. The relevant imperfection determining the mechanical properties of ceramics are point defects, or dislocations,...

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Mechanical Testing of Ceramics

AbstractThis chapter considers the most common mechanical testing methods which are usually expected to be performed by students entering the first time into a lab. Tensile test-related parameters are...

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Mechanical Properties of Ceramics

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Diffusion in Si 3 N 4

AbstractThe interest in Si3N4 is associated with the desire to find and develop a suitable ceramic for high-temperature applications, particularly for gas turbines. It is a predominantly covalent...

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Diffusion in MgO (Magnesia or Periclase)

AbstractMgO is an ionically bounded ceramics with extremely high melting point of ~2852 °C. It has excellent insulating properties with high temperature stability. MgO single crystal is a commonly used...

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Diffusion in Alumina Single CrystalsAlumina

AbstractAlumina one of the oxide ceramics is the most cost effective and widely used material. With an excellent combination of properties and attractive price alumina has a wide range of application....

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Self-diffusion, Solute Diffusion, Diffusion in Ionic Crystals and Correlation...

AbstractSelf-diffusion, solute diffusion, diffusion in ionic crystals and correlation effects are the topic of this chapter. Ionic crystals are included in this chapter since many, if not all, ceramics...

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Diffusion in ZrO 2 (Zirconia)

AbstractZirconia is usually stabilized by additives such as yttria, calcia or scandia. The most common stabilizing agent is yttria. Most zirconia applications take advantage of its high-temperature...

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Diffusion in Silicon Carbide (Carborundum)

AbstractIn this chapter α-SiC is the main consideration, which is a very hard ceramic and therefore is extensively used as abrasive, but also in applications requiring high endurance. Related to these...

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Experimental Methods and Procedures

AbstractThis chapter is devoted to the quantitative evaluation of D and its variation with temperature. By such measurements, two very important parameters are determined, namely, the pre-exponential...

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Diffusion in Grain Boundaries

AbstractAlthough single crystals are used for many purposes, polycrystalline material is the major structure in technological applications. Grain boundaries therefore are unavoidable feature of...

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Defects in Materials

AbstractFor diffusion to occur in ceramics it is essential to state that the mechanism of diffusion must proceed by point defects exchange with atoms. The reason for this is that ceramics are...

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Macroscopic Diffusion

AbstractTransport in materials including ceramics is studied along the classical two Fick’s laws. Fick’s second law is strictly valid for homogeneous crystals, but it is applicable for tracer and...

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Diffusion in Dislocations

AbstractDiffusion in dislocation is a short-circuit diffusion often referred to as pipe diffusion. Diffusion usually is several orders of magnitude faster than in the lattice. Diffusion in dislocations...

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Interdiffusion

AbstractThe classical work on inter-diffusion was performed by Kirkendall (Trans AIME 147:104, 1942) who studies the intermixing in the Cu–Ni diffusion couple. Directly related to this is Darken’s...

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Empirical Rules

AbstractThe extent to which empirical relations have been tested for the estimation of diffusion data in ceramic diffusion systems is not known to the author. However, some of the known empirical...

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Mechanism of Diffusion

AbstractDiffusion mechanisms in material including ceramic materials are either via vacancy, direct interstitial or interstitialcy mechanisms. The most dominant of these is the vacancy mechanism. For...

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Microscopic (or Atomic) Diffusion

AbstractRandom motion of atoms is described in this chapter. The movement of a substance within a mixture by ‘random walk’ is governed by the kinetic energy within the system that may be affected by...

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Diffusion in Ceramics

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